It seems we are all fire watchers now, even if we don’t peer through high-powered binoculars or use an Osborne Fire Finder in a remote fire lookout perched atop some faraway rocky peak. No, just us down here in front of our computer screens, leaning forward, perched on the edge of our ergo chairs, scanning online resources, looking for wildfire incident reports, smoke plume progressions, air quality indexes, and updated weather forecasts. We’re busy juggling and adjusting our hiking plans, regretfully scratching destinations off our wish lists as wildfires now run rampant throughout Washington State. It’s that season, from late July, now early August, and soon to be September, and we’re busy gaming lightning strikes, burn zones, wind, and weather to find beautiful places to hike without endangering ourselves. It’s frustrating, not fun.
Earlier
this year, back on July 23, we hiked up to the historic fire lookout on
Desolation Peak, perhaps the most remote lookout in the state, situated deep in
the North Cascades, high above Ross Lake, not far from the Canadian border. One
of my photographic objectives was to take high-resolution images of nearby Mount
Hozomeen, but I arrived to find the peak almost completely shrouded in a haze
of gray. At times, I could make out little more than its looming silhouette and
substantial form. The resident Ranger, Jim Henterly informed us that there
were two recent wildfires in the Ross Lake area: the Luna Fire, located west of
lake, southwest of Luna Camp along the Big Beaver Trail, in remote, rough,
and steep terrain, and the Border 2 Fire, a blaze east of Ross Lake to the
north of Hozomeen Mountain, again in steep, rocky, remote terrain near the
Canadian border. Both had been ignited by lightning strikes a few days prior, and
the Border 2 Fire was spreading rapidly. Although annoyed by the smoky
Border 2 smoke as it cloaked Hozomeen, I would later marvel at the coincidence
of witnessing an active forest fire from this iconic North Cascades fire
lookout.
I’d
hoped, earlier in the season, that we might skate free, but no, it seems not to
be. Wildfires have become all too common in recent years, and yet my wishful
thinking has remained undiminished, until Desolation. The Border 2 Fire, at
6,433 acres, is currently listed as out of control and seems destined to spread
beyond its current perimeter. The Luna Fire, while smaller at 1,390 acres, is
less aggressive. Of more concern is the Little Giant Fire. Located 41 miles NW
of Leavenworth, WA, in the Chiwawa River drainage, the lightning strike fire has
consumed 74,284 acres and is only 1% contained due to “increased winds and
poor access in steep inaccessible country.” Another lightning strike blaze, the
Sinlahekin Fire, 12 miles west of Tonasket, is even larger at 120,692 acres, but
now 20% contained as firefighters continue work on strengthening and
constructing more containment lines. These four are only a few among the many
wildfires already actively burning across Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. A
recent blaze north of the Mount Fremont Lookout shocked us, closing one of our
favorite access points to hikes on Mount Rainier. WTA.org now flags hikes all
in that area: “8.7.26: Trails and roads in the White River & Sunrise
section of the park are closed due to the Grand Park 2 fire.”
The
NW FireWatch Staff Report from August 6 states: “Fire weather conditions across
the Pacific Northwest have reached levels not seen since 2020, with the
National Weather Service issuing its highest-tier fire weather alerts —
Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) Red Flag Warnings — for large portions of
eastern Washington and northeastern Oregon. The warnings signal an elevated
threat of rapid, erratic, and potentially uncontrollable fire spread.”
The
report further explains: “The catalyst for this week's extreme fire weather was
a dry cold front that moved across the region starting around August 1-2.
Rather than bringing meaningful precipitation, the front delivered strong gusty
winds with gusts of 40 to 55 mph across eastern Washington, the Columbia Basin,
and northeastern Oregon. Combined with daytime temperatures approaching 100°F
in the Willamette Valley and even higher in the Columbia Basin, and relative
humidity values plummeting to 4-10 percent across the Sierra Front and Columbia
Plateau, the front created a nearly ideal ignition and spread environment.” So,
it is not over yet and will likely get much, much worse over the weeks ahead,
before late-season rains arrive to quench the flames
This
year seems a perfect storm for the emergence of unprecedented wildfires. A very
low snow year, historically low moisture levels, and the abundance of fine fire
fuels, grasses, sagebrush, and light timber just waiting for a spark from dry
lightning- thunderstorms which arrive without rain to ignite what will become a
rampaging mass of flame. Seasonal winds exacerbate the situation with frontal
passages that periodically bring wind without meaningful rain, and are often
accompanied by high-pressure conditions that push easterly winds and smoke into
Western Washington and Oregon.
And
during all this carnage, we confront the sobering fact that our firefighting
resources are now more stretched than ever before. Headlines like, ‘Wildfires
Burn at Record Rates, Trump Cuts Forest Service Funds’, both shock and anger
those of us who care about our national parks and public lands. Massive Forest
Service staff cuts occurred last year, and more are destined to come. The Trump
administration aims to continue shrinking the Forest Service, eliminating
programs and decimating services. It is obvious that his workforce reduction
initiatives will reduce the Forest Service’s ability to manage and care for our
public lands. And that will likely have a significantly negative impact on current
and future fire management capabilities. After all the cuts, who will be left
to rake the forests to clean up dead brush and trees? I jest, of course. Trump’s
inane solution to the 2025 wildfires in California seems now to be long
forgotten. Not that his foolish notion would have worked anyway. The tragedy is
that we and the wild places we love will greatly suffer the consequences of Trump’s
idiocracy, his obsequious ship of fools.
The
devastation of our treasured wilderness forests is the heartbreaking part; the
loss of a long-anticipated hike not as big a deal. But still, it is a crushing disappointment
for all of us who yearn to visit those magical wild places. So, what shall we
do?
Well,
we do what we can with the resources available to us. My current approach is to
identify and eliminate locations that are impacted by the current wildfires. I often
start with a fire map and then utilize the hike search tools on WTA.org, the
Washington Trails Association website. The hiking guide page is the best place
to start as it offers multiple ways to search. I can enter a hike that I am
curious about, or specify a broader search by region and subregion. For
example, a search for Little Giant Pass yields a link to the hike page along
with an alert in red type. “7.30.26: The trail is closed until further notice
due to the Little Giant Fire.” The same message will be repeated for many other
hikes in the Central Cascades, Stevens Pass, East region. That tells me there
will be no Spider Gap, Buck Creek Pass loop this year. Sorry dude. So, we look
elsewhere.
Sometimes
we hunker down and wait for conditions to change. And when they don’t, it is
always good to have a plan B. In fact, it’s always good to have a plan B,
even without wildfires. That’s why I maintain an active list of trails arranged
by region. If a group of trails in the North Cascades, or elsewhere, are closed
due to wildfires, or road washouts, or trail maintenance, we might opt for the Olympic Peninsula to backpack the North Coast from Shi Shi Beach to Ozette.
But, as wonderful as beach hikes and sublime oceanside sunsets may be, they’re just
not the North Cascades, or the Alpine Lakes, or Glacier Peak Wilderness, those
places where we celebrate the brilliant subalpine lakes, remote glaciers,
pristine peaks, and intoxicating high routes.
Sometimes
we return to sites where wildfires have previously ravaged the forests. In July
of 2020, I hiked to a former fire lookout site in the
Chinook Pass area to the east of Mount Rainier. The Norse Peak wildfire started
by lightning strikes on August 11, 2017, and was not contained until November 1,
2017. The fire killed most of the hemlock, silver, and noble firs in the
55,909-acre blaze. Nearly three years from that time, I solo hiked the Norse
Peak trail to view the burn zone. The scorched trees remain as silent sentinels,
displaying a tragic beauty. The high-angle alpine meadows flanking the open trail
through the burn zone were resplendent with broad swaths of wildflowers including
lupine, paintbrush, asters, columbine, arnica lilies and more, providing an
exuberantly colorful show. The regal snowcapped Mount Rainier stood proud,
cresting the horizon to the southwest in the upper sections of the trail, and Mount
Adams was easily seen from the summit to the distant south.
The hike, though through a site of tragic devastation, was made strikingly
beautiful by the reemergence of the wildflowers.
Sometimes a hike through a burn
zone is far from enjoyable. It can be what we refer to as Type 2 Fun,
challenging and unpleasant on the day, but later remembered with some
appreciation. In September of 2023, my hiking companion, Roy, and I punished
ourselves on a short trail from our Stuart Lake basecamp up to the pristine
Horseshoe Lake, perched high in the Alpine Lakes Wilderness close to the north
side of Mount Stuart. It was an easy trail at first, then a half mile of dense
burn zone deadfall, with over a hundred downed trees in our path. And, after
that, a steep climber’s trail that gained 1,200 feet in seven-tenths of a mile.
Even that challenging path to the remote alpine lake was occasionally
encumbered with charred deadfall. But still, there was a sublime beauty to the
place, dramatically enhanced by the presence of vast clusters of blooming Chamaenerion
angustifolium, commonly known as fireweed. Even the charcoal flanks of
the burn zone trees had an eerie, visually interesting quality.
The torched woodland was the sorry
remnant of the Jack Creek Fire, ignited by a lightning strike on August 11,
2017, the same day as the Norse Peak Fire. By the end of September, the fire had
burned a total of 4,606 acres in the Stuart Lake and Eightmile drainages. Though
short, the rough trail up from our Stuart Lake campsite and through the burn chewed
up an inordinate amount of time as it was completely unmaintained. No one had
come, or would be coming, to clear the wildfire debris that lay like giant scattered
matchsticks across the trail. And, as an out-and-back route, we had to deal
with the deadfall obstacle course twice. We stooped low and gymnastically
circumvented those that we could. We stepped over, traversed along, and butt
swiveled over many rough, charred trunks and crawled under and wriggled through
gaps in the thicket of wood that impeded us. We got filthy dirty. We got snagged,
poked, and scraped. The deadfall drew blood. Was it worth it? Though it wasn’t
a whole lot of fun that day, it was a journey through and up to a place of rare
beauty that I will long remember. So, yeah, Type 2 Fun.
Anyway, I sit here writing about
wildfires and wondering if the smoke will clear enough that we can hike
tomorrow. I had proposed a hike up to Red Pass, the old unmaintained Snoqualmie
area trail that preceded the newer section of the PCT that now traverses the
Kendall Katwalk. Mark and I had hiked up there back in August of 2021. Our
objective was to get a closer view of Mount Thomsen. Mark had often gazed at
the peak from the Alpental chairlift during ski season and wanted to get a
closer look. I took my heavier camera gear and captured source images to create
two spherical panoramas. While I found the finished panoramas quite beautiful, the
skies were blanketed with a streaky orange-gray wildfire haze. I planned to
someday return to find clearer and more pristine skies and reshoot the place. So,
I suggested it to hiking friends earlier this week. And then, things
changed. Things got smoky. The irony is that all of us now sit robotically
querying the AQI (air quality index), wishing it to drop from an unhealthy 167
so we can hike tomorrow. But I don’t see it. Not going to happen. (And, it did
not.)
The high AQI is not just a meaningless
statistic; the Air Quality Index tells us how clean or polluted the air is.
And, that matters. A lot. We should always take heed when the AQI is unhealthily
high. Listen up. Back in September of 2020, National Geographic published an
informational piece titled, ‘How Breathing Wildfire Smoke Affects the Body.’
This excerpt cuts to the heart of the problem: “Wildfire smoke is a very
complex type of air pollution,” says Sarah Henderson, an environmental
health scientist at the University of British Columbia. “It has many different
gases in it, and the composition of those small particles can be highly
variable, depending on what’s burning [and] how hot it’s burning.” Of
particular concern, she says, is particulate matter 2.5 microns in
diameter—also referred to as PM 2.5. Those small particles, and ones even
smaller, are capable of penetrating deep into a person’s lungs. Henderson says
the body responds by releasing the same immune cells it would deploy to attack
a virus. Unlike a virus, however, particulate matter isn’t broken down by that
immune response and results in long-lasting inflammation. “That inflammation
affects your lungs, kidneys, liver, and probably your brain,” says Henderson.
Yikes!
Although the severity of wildfire
seasons fluctuates, the recent trend is toward more fires and increased devastation.
It feels prophetic, as if this is the heavy cross we will now bear before every
remaining outdoor adventure this season. And, unfortunately, that crushing burden
will probably remain for as many years as we have yet to come.
I created several spherical panoramas in the Norse Peak burn zone, at Desolation Peak, and on the Red Pass hike. If you wish to view them, I have posted the links to a few below. For the most immersive viewing, click the link to open the image, then locate the menu bar in the upper right of the image. Click ‘Toggle Fullscreen’ and scroll around, up and down.
Norse
Peak, Summit Knoll with Wildflowers, WA State
https://www.360cities.net/image/norse-peak-summit-knoll-with-wildflowers-wa-state
Norse
Peak, Burn Zone with Mixed Wildflowers, WA State
https://www.360cities.net/image/norse-peak-burn-zone-with-mixed-wildflowers-wa-state
Manning
the Fire Lookout, Desolation Peak, N Cascades, WA State
https://www.360cities.net/image/manning-the-fire-lookout-desolation-peak-n-cascades-wa-state
Ranger
Jim on Call, Desolation Peak Lookout, N Cascades, WA State
https://www.360cities.net/image/ranger-jim-on-call-desolation-peak-lookout-n-cascades-wa-state
Red
Pass Vista with Peaks, Alpine Lakes Wilderness, WA State
https://www.360cities.net/image/red-pass-vista-with-peaks-alpine-lakes-wilderness-wa-state
A
Few Fire Watch Resources:
NW FireWatch https://nwfirewatch.com
InciWeb https://inciweb.wildfire.gov
Western Fire Chiefs https://wfca.com/fire-map/detection/599ee11abfb61c1d
Plume Forecast https://plumeforecast.com/
B.C. Wildfire Service https://wildfiresituation.nrs.gov.bc.ca/dashboard
AirNow https://www.airnow.gov/
